Titre : L'Agronomie tropicale
Auteur : Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (France). Département des cultures annuelles. Auteur du texte
Auteur : Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivrières (France). Auteur du texte
Éditeur : Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales et des cultures vivières (Paris)
Date d'édition : 1975-07
Notice du catalogue : http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34398560g
Type : texte texte
Type : publication en série imprimée publication en série imprimée
Langue : français
Description : juillet 1975 juillet 1975
Description : 1975/07 (VOL30,N3)-1975/09/30. 1975/07 (VOL30,N3)-1975/09/30.
Description : Collection numérique : Numba, la bibliothèque... Collection numérique : Numba, la bibliothèque numérique du Cirad
Droits : conditions spécifiques d'utilisation (sous convention BnF-ADM-2025-035729-01)
Identifiant : ark:/12148/bpt6k11003362
Source : CIRAD, BH_PEHIST 5290
Conservation numérique : Bibliothèque nationale de France
Date de mise en ligne : 02/05/2021
Summaries
PERNES (J.). — Best starting plant material - Structure of naturel
populations - Plant exploration methods. Observations on the
collected material.
modern data of population genetics show:
1) how important are the genetic variabilities which can be
detected either by statistical analysis (hierarchic variance analysis,
multivariate studies, numerical taxonomy) or by enzymatic methods
(electrophoresis);
2) how these variabilities are organized in coherent genetic pools,
statistically stable under their development conditions but fragile
and easily disorganized under the artificial conditions of the
collections.
The consequences of these data are mentioned to formulate and
implement plant exploration strategies and to maintain the plant
material sampled.
MARCHAND (S.L.). — The recurrent selection - Objectives and
methods.
The recurrent selection is more and more used in maize selection,
bibliographical review is made. The objectives and charac-
teristics of recurrent selection are outlined and how interesting
this method is when compared to the traditional method of improv-
ing maize by hybridization is shown. The main methods of
recurrent selection are described and their limitations mentioned.
The way of choosing the best method is suggested.
FALAIS (M.). — Study of early rice in Madagascar (Diego-Suarez
In the Diego-Suarez area the climatic conditions are particularly
table to intensive irrigated rice growing.
The study of early rice varieties from January 1972 to May 1974
showed that it was possible to have 4 rice crops by year on the
same rice-field in this area and to produce annual high yields
it was found that some short term rice were as productive as
the best late rice varieties (more particularly the Chinsei Asahi
By using these results it would be possible to make up chronic
rice shortage in this area where it is quite difficult to increase
the irrigated rice-field acreage.
JACQUOT (M.). — Short height of the rice plant and good
panicle exsertion.
The degree of the panicle exsertion largely depends on the last
internode length. A long internode is possible with some genie
systems controlling a short height of the plant. Thus short rice
varieties with a good panicle exsertion can be selected. Examples
are found among genotypes being observed or selected at the
IRAT Station of Bouake: introduced varieties, hybrid progeny,
REYNOLDS (S.G.). — The influence of Sclerotium rolfsii, mulches
and season on dwarf bean (Phaseolis vulgaris) yields in Western
Samoa.
The influence of a number of different mulches on dwarf bean
and the incidence of Southern blight, (Sclerotium rolfsii) in the
dry season was investigated in Western Samoa. Bean germination
percentages were lowest on unmulched plots and highest under
a mulch of coconut fronds. S. rolfsii was initially most serious
on unmulched plots but wilt became more severe on those mulch-
ed with white polythene and aluminium foil. Although mulching ap-
peared to delay the onset, wilt damage on mulched and unmulched
plots was similar but was only half as severe as in the wet season
and total bean yields were more than doubled. On unmulched
plots bean yields were increased by a factor of five in the dry
season, but bean yields were still the lowest of the eight treatments.
Only coconut fronds showed a significant increase in yields over
the control plots of 73 percent. It was suggested that although
the drier soil resulted in less wilt and an overall increase in
bean yields in the dry season, soil temperature levels influenced
bean germination and plant growth. High soil temperatures were
associated with poor germination, restricted Rhizobium nodulation
and reduced yields.
GORA BEYE. — Assessment of 5 years’ observations on the
desalinization of the Medina polder soils (Lower Casamance).
Soil and water desalinization has been studied for 5 years and
the results assessed. Positive desalinization is found with all
the drainage methods, due to a cyclic process of desalinization
and resalinization. Desalinization which occurs during the wet
season largely dépends on rainfall, the only source of fresh water.
Dry season resalinization is a general phenomenon but the inten-
sity dépends upon the type of drainage and water control. Drainage
by pumping is the most effective, with the ground water depth
reduced to 1.30 m.
LOYNET (G.). — Water requirements of the crops in the irrigated
area of the Bras de la Plaine.
The Bras de la Plaine irrigated area which covers 6,200 ha is
located in the Southern part of Reunion (Indian Ocean) in an
area where rainfall is rather high (1,000 mm) but badly distributed
over time.
The maximum water requirements (MET) of the four main crops
in this area were measured with a evapotranspirometer and the
decadal values related to a simple climatic standard, the évapo-
ration measured on a class A pan (USWB). The cultural coef-
ficients obtained in this way show the plant response to climatic
requirements for the most characteristic vegetative stages. Dif-
ferent growing periods are suggested which correspond to the
best production conditions within a standard rotation.
Nevertheless, depending on the standard of the irrigators’ technical
knowledge, a more simple warning System based on the previous
elements is proposed.
BRUNEAU DE MIRE (Ph.). — About the genesis of ”Hardé” soils in
North Cameroon.
The author puts forward the hypothesis that the so-called ”Hardé”
sterile soils in North Cameroon form, at least in some cases, as
a result of cementation caused by termites, which is worsened
by anthropic effects.
PERNES (J.). — Best starting plant material - Structure of naturel
populations - Plant exploration methods. Observations on the
collected material.
modern data of population genetics show:
1) how important are the genetic variabilities which can be
detected either by statistical analysis (hierarchic variance analysis,
multivariate studies, numerical taxonomy) or by enzymatic methods
(electrophoresis);
2) how these variabilities are organized in coherent genetic pools,
statistically stable under their development conditions but fragile
and easily disorganized under the artificial conditions of the
collections.
The consequences of these data are mentioned to formulate and
implement plant exploration strategies and to maintain the plant
material sampled.
MARCHAND (S.L.). — The recurrent selection - Objectives and
methods.
The recurrent selection is more and more used in maize selection,
bibliographical review is made. The objectives and charac-
teristics of recurrent selection are outlined and how interesting
this method is when compared to the traditional method of improv-
ing maize by hybridization is shown. The main methods of
recurrent selection are described and their limitations mentioned.
The way of choosing the best method is suggested.
FALAIS (M.). — Study of early rice in Madagascar (Diego-Suarez
In the Diego-Suarez area the climatic conditions are particularly
table to intensive irrigated rice growing.
The study of early rice varieties from January 1972 to May 1974
showed that it was possible to have 4 rice crops by year on the
same rice-field in this area and to produce annual high yields
it was found that some short term rice were as productive as
the best late rice varieties (more particularly the Chinsei Asahi
By using these results it would be possible to make up chronic
rice shortage in this area where it is quite difficult to increase
the irrigated rice-field acreage.
JACQUOT (M.). — Short height of the rice plant and good
panicle exsertion.
The degree of the panicle exsertion largely depends on the last
internode length. A long internode is possible with some genie
systems controlling a short height of the plant. Thus short rice
varieties with a good panicle exsertion can be selected. Examples
are found among genotypes being observed or selected at the
IRAT Station of Bouake: introduced varieties, hybrid progeny,
REYNOLDS (S.G.). — The influence of Sclerotium rolfsii, mulches
and season on dwarf bean (Phaseolis vulgaris) yields in Western
Samoa.
The influence of a number of different mulches on dwarf bean
and the incidence of Southern blight, (Sclerotium rolfsii) in the
dry season was investigated in Western Samoa. Bean germination
percentages were lowest on unmulched plots and highest under
a mulch of coconut fronds. S. rolfsii was initially most serious
on unmulched plots but wilt became more severe on those mulch-
ed with white polythene and aluminium foil. Although mulching ap-
peared to delay the onset, wilt damage on mulched and unmulched
plots was similar but was only half as severe as in the wet season
and total bean yields were more than doubled. On unmulched
plots bean yields were increased by a factor of five in the dry
season, but bean yields were still the lowest of the eight treatments.
Only coconut fronds showed a significant increase in yields over
the control plots of 73 percent. It was suggested that although
the drier soil resulted in less wilt and an overall increase in
bean yields in the dry season, soil temperature levels influenced
bean germination and plant growth. High soil temperatures were
associated with poor germination, restricted Rhizobium nodulation
and reduced yields.
GORA BEYE. — Assessment of 5 years’ observations on the
desalinization of the Medina polder soils (Lower Casamance).
Soil and water desalinization has been studied for 5 years and
the results assessed. Positive desalinization is found with all
the drainage methods, due to a cyclic process of desalinization
and resalinization. Desalinization which occurs during the wet
season largely dépends on rainfall, the only source of fresh water.
Dry season resalinization is a general phenomenon but the inten-
sity dépends upon the type of drainage and water control. Drainage
by pumping is the most effective, with the ground water depth
reduced to 1.30 m.
LOYNET (G.). — Water requirements of the crops in the irrigated
area of the Bras de la Plaine.
The Bras de la Plaine irrigated area which covers 6,200 ha is
located in the Southern part of Reunion (Indian Ocean) in an
area where rainfall is rather high (1,000 mm) but badly distributed
over time.
The maximum water requirements (MET) of the four main crops
in this area were measured with a evapotranspirometer and the
decadal values related to a simple climatic standard, the évapo-
ration measured on a class A pan (USWB). The cultural coef-
ficients obtained in this way show the plant response to climatic
requirements for the most characteristic vegetative stages. Dif-
ferent growing periods are suggested which correspond to the
best production conditions within a standard rotation.
Nevertheless, depending on the standard of the irrigators’ technical
knowledge, a more simple warning System based on the previous
elements is proposed.
BRUNEAU DE MIRE (Ph.). — About the genesis of ”Hardé” soils in
North Cameroon.
The author puts forward the hypothesis that the so-called ”Hardé”
sterile soils in North Cameroon form, at least in some cases, as
a result of cementation caused by termites, which is worsened
by anthropic effects.
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